Flag : 1 1 1 pts Identify

Flag : 1 1 1 pts Identify the following ABG: pH 7.52, Pa02 95, PaCO2 42, HCO3 32: Group of answer choices Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Respiratory acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Flag : 2 2 1 pts Interpret the following ABG: pH 7.36, Pa02 90, PaC02 52, HCO3 30: Group of answer choices Metabolic acidosis with complete compensation Respiratory alkalosis with complete compensation Metabolic alkalosis with partial compensation Respiratory acidosis with complete compensation Flag : 3 3 1 pts Under normal conditions, intrapleural pressure is: Group of answer choices Less than intrapulmonary pressure Less than atmospheric pressure -4 to -10 cm H20 during exhalation and inhalation, respectively all of the above Flag : 4 4 1 pts With an asthma exacerbation, you would likely hear: Group of answer choices Decreased or absent breath sounds Expiratory wheezes Crackles on inspiration Localized crackles and occasional pleural friction rub Flag : 5 5 1 pts Crackles are: Group of answer choices A normal breath sound Coarse, rumbling, low-pitched sounds Produced by fluid in the small airways or alveoli Heard on inspiration only Flag : 6 6 1 pts Identify the following ABG: pH 7.50, Pa02 75, PaCO2 30, HCO3 28: Group of answer choices Respiratory alkalosis with complete compensation Metabolic alkalosis with partial compensation Respiratory acidosis with complete compensation Metabolic acidosis with complete compensation Flag : 7 7 1 pts Identify the following ABG: pH 7.48, Pa02 98, PaCO2 30, HCO3 24: Group of answer choices Metabolic acidosis Respiratory acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory alkalosis Flag : 8 8 1 pts Identify the following ABG: pH 7.30, Pa02 92, PaCO2 30, HCO3 19: Group of answer choices Metabolic alkalosis with partial compensation Respiratory acidosis with complete compensation Metabolic acidosis with partial compensation Respiratory acidosis with partial compensation Flag : 9 9 1 pts In type 2 (hypoxemic hypercapnic) acute lung failure, patients present with: Group of answer choices Low Pa02 and normal PaCO2 Low Pa02 and low PaCO2 High Pa02 and normal PaCO2 Low Pa02 and high PaCO2 Flag : 10 10 1 pts Metabolic acidosis can be caused by: Group of answer choices Hypokalemia Diabetic ketoacidosis Diuretic therapy Steroid therapy Flag : 11 11 1 pts Metabolic alkalosis can be caused by: Group of answer choices Diarrhea Renal failure Vomiting Aspirin overdose Flag : 12 12 1 pts In the fibroproliferative phase of ARDS, physical examination may show: Group of answer choices Increasing agitation Decreased work of breathing Increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure Mottled skin and decreased urinary retention a,c,d Flag : 13 13 1 pts Clinical signs of aspiration include: Group of answer choices Intolerance to gastric feeds with increased diarrhea Signs of acute respiratory distress and hypoxemia Wheezes with reduced breath sounds Hemoptysis and chest pain Flag : 14 14 1 pts Respiratory acidosis can be caused by: Group of answer choices Anxiety Pulmonary embolus Sedatives Ketoacidosis Flag : 15 15 1 pts Pneumonia is referred to as hospital-acquired if: Group of answer choices It is caused by an infectious agent that leads to alveolar consolidation It occurs within the first 48 hours of admission to the hospital It occurs if the patient has been in the hospital for at least 48 hours It results in mortality of a patient Flag : 16 16 1 pts Risk factors for pulmonary thromboembolism include: Group of answer choices Atrial tachycardia, gastric feeds Atherosclerosis, cardiac disease Pelvic fracture, atrial fibrillation a and b b and c Flag : 17 17 1 pts Medical management of a pulmonary embolism includes: Group of answer choices Frequent turning and positioning, antibiotic therapy Anticoagulation, oxygen therapy / mechanical ventilation Chest tube, bronchodilators Prone positioning, nitric oxide therapy Flag : 18 18 1 pts The exudative phase of ARDS: Group of answer choices Occurs within 72 hours Begins as disordered healing starts in the lungs Occurs as structural and vascular remodeling takes place All of the above Flag : 19 19 1 pts Medical/nursing management of status asthmaticus includes: Group of answer choices Bronchoconstrictors, antibiotics, patient/family education about asthma triggers Anticoagulants, corticosteroids and early mobility Bronchodilators and corticosteroids, patient/family education about asthma triggers Frequent turning and positioning, antiviral therapy, hyperbaric therapy Flag : 20 20 1 pts Assessment findings in asthma include: Group of answer choices Localized crackles, decreased breath sounds and respiratory rate Fine, high-pitched crackles, decreased breath sounds, increased tactile fremitus Pleural friction rub, tracheal deviation Expiratory wheezes, increased use of accessory muscles, decreased tactile fremitus Flag : 21 21 1 pts Which ventilator setting describes the positive pressure applied at the end of expiration of ventilator breaths? Group of answer choices Pressure support PEEP I:E ratio Tidal volume Flag : 22 22 1 pts Chest tubes are inserted: Group of answer choices In the pulmonic area – in the 2nd intercostal space at the right sternal edge At Erb’s point – in the 3rd left intercostal space at the left sternal border In the 4th or 5th intercostal space on the midaxillary line In the 1st left intercostal space Flag : 23 23 1 pts Assessment findings in a pneumothorax may include: Group of answer choices Tachypnea and increased breath sounds with dull to flat sounds on percussion Breath sounds decreased or absent, no adventitious sounds, tracheal deviation Fine, high-pitched crackles, decreased breath sounds, increased tactile fremitus Barrel chest, breath sounds decreased in intensity, occasional wheezes or fine crackles Flag : 24 24 1 pts Carbon dioxide diffuses faster through the capillary-alveolar membrane than oxygen. Group of answer choices True False Flag : 25 25 1 pts Pulmonary blood vessels are made of mostly smooth muscle. Group of answer choices True False Flag : 26 26 1 pts Pulmonary blood vessels dilate when there is low Pa02. Group of answer choices True False Flag : 27 27 1 pts Diagnostic indications for bronchoscopy include: Group of answer choices Infectious pneumonia Difficult intubation Acute burn injury All of the above Flag : 28 28 1 pts This cause of hypoxemia is the result of blood passing through unventilated portions of the lungs: Group of answer choices Intrapulmonary shunting Dead space ventilation Alveolar hypoventilation Ventilation/perfusion mismatching Flag : 29 29 1 pts In a flail chest injury caused by blunt trauma: Group of answer choices 2 or more ribs are often fractured and are no longer attached to the thoracic cage The intact portion of the chest wall expands on inspiration The chest wall moves in and the flail segment moves out on expiration Decreased tidal volume and vital capacity and impaired cough result, leading to hypoventilation and atelectasis All of the above Flag : 30 30 1 pts Treatment for a pneumothorax: Group of answer choices Usually requires only supplemental oxygen if a pneumothorax of less than 15% Requires a chest tube if greater than 15% May include surgical intervention if a persistent air leak or failure of the lung to expand within 3-5 days All of the above Flag : 31 31 1 pts Blood perfusion is greatest in the gravity dependent areas of the lungs. Group of answer choices True False Flag : 32 32 1 pts The distribution of ventilation is even throughout the lungs. Group of answer choices True False Flag : 33 33 1 pts Oxygen toxicity can occur in any patient: Group of answer choices Who breathes oxygen concentrations of greater than 21% for longer than 12 hours Who breathes oxygen concentrations of greater than 50% for longer than 24 hours Who cannot tolerate a nasal cannula Who is hemodynamically unstable Flag : 34 34 1 pts Which of the following is a nursing intervention related to artificial airway management? Group of answer choices Maintain the ETT cuff pressure at >30 mmHg Suction regularly every 2 hours Note the reference marking on the ETT Briefly deflate the cuff q24 hours Flag : 35 35 1 pts Indications for endotracheal intubation include: Group of answer choices Short-term airway management Long-term airway management Airway protection a and c b and c Flag : 36 36 1 pts A decrease in chest wall compliance and respiratory muscle strength can reduce the maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures in the older adult. How do these changes impact nursing practice for the patient in the critical care unit: Group of answer choices Increased need for oxygen therapy Expect the normal resting respiratory rate to be higher Expect the oxygen saturation level to be lower than normal Encourage deep breathing and coughing exercises Flag : 37 37 1 pts Amniotic fluid embolism: Group of answer choices Is a rare complication of pregnancy Has a generally poor outcome with a high incidence of significant neurologic injury due to cerebral hypoxia Is manifested by sudden agitation and dyspnea, followed by hypoxia and hypotension All of the above Flag : 38 38 1 pts Which ventilator setting determines the amount of inspiratory effort the patient must generate to trigger a ventilator breath? Group of answer choices Tidal volume PEEP Pressure limit Sensitivity Flag : 39 39 1 pts Patients with left-sided pneumonia may benefit from placing them in the following position: Group of answer choices Reverse Trendelenburg On the left side On the right side supine Flag : 40 40 1 pts What is included in the correct method of maintaining a patent airway in an unconscious 1 year old toddler: Group of answer choices Place a folded towel under their neck Lift the jaw up and out Fully extended neck/head position Place a folded towel under the upper shoulders Flag : 41 41 1 pts The Canadian Patient Safety Institute recommends the following for preventing VAP: Group of answer choices Elevating the head of the bed to 45° when possible Evaluating readiness for extubation daily Conducting oral care and decontamination with chlorhexidine Initiating safe enteral nutrition within 24-48 hours of ICU admission All of the above Flag : 42 42 1 pts The low inspiratory pressure alarm on a ventilator will indicate: Group of answer choices decreased lung compliance an endotracheal cuff leak increased airway resistance from bronchospasm the patient is not assisting the breaths Flag : 43 43 1 pts The following assessment would indicate that Ms. B is not tolerating weaning: Group of answer choices decrease in heart rate from 92 to 80 beats/min increase in respiratory rate from 22 to 40 breaths/min an Sp02 of 92% spontaneous tidal volumes of 300 to 350 mL Flag : 44 44 1 pts Prone positioning is used to: Group of answer choices ventilate patients with spinal injuries ventilate patients with aspiration pneumonia improve ventilation/perfusion mismatching provide ventilation to patients who can’t tolerate intubation Flag : 45 45 1 pts Which intervention is correct when suctioning a patient via an ETT: Group of answer choices Using at least 130 mmHg of suction Applying suction for at least 20 seconds with the first suction pass Instilling normal saline prior to suctioning to loosen secretions Hyperoxygenation with 100% oxygen for 30-60 seconds before suctioning and 60 seconds after suctioning Flag : 46 46 1 pts The use of oxygen therapy in the patient who is hypercapnic may result in: Group of answer choices pneumothorax absorption atelectasis carbon dioxide retention oxygen toxicity Flag : 47 47 1 pts Long-term ventilator management over 21 days is best managed through the use of a(n): Group of answer choices esophageal obturator airway oropharyngeal airway tracheostomy tube endotracheal tube Flag : 48 48 1 pts Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is indicated for the patient with: Group of answer choices immediate postoperative neck resection surgery copious secretions periods of apnea cardiogenic pulmonary edema Flag : 49 49 1 pts Risk factors for unplanned/accidental extubation include: Group of answer choices Decreased LOC, COPD, pain Physical restraints, increased LOC, absence of weaning protocol Oversedation, VAP, nasogastric tubes Ventilation mode, Glasgow coma scale score, chemical restraints Flag : 50 50 1 pts The assist-control mode of ventilation: Group of answer choices applies positive pressure during both ventilator breaths and spontaneous breaths delivers gas at a preset rate and tidal volume regardless of the patient’s inspiratory efforts delivers gas at preset volume, at a set rate, and in response to the patient’s inspiratory efforts delivers gas at a preset volume, allowing the patient to breath spontaneously at his or her own rate Flag : 51 51 1 pts Maintaining an endotracheal cuff pressure at 35 mmHg may: Group of answer choices cause tracheal stenosis increase the risk of aspiration trigger the low exhaled volume ventilator alarm lead to ETT displacement Flag : 52 52 1 pts Nasal flaring and chest retractions are signs of respiratory distress in infants. Group of answer choices True False Flag : 53 53 1 pts To keep a patient safe and comfortable while receiving noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation, the nurse: Group of answer choices keeps the patient prone keeps the head of the bed elevated 45 degrees keeps the patient heavily sedated permits the patient to remove the mask while sleeping Flag : 54 54 1 pts When a pulmonary embolus occurs, the lung responds to the reduced pulmonary blood flow with local bronchodilation. Group of answer choices True False Flag : 55 55 1 pts The most common cause of bronchiolitis in young children is: Group of answer choices pseudomonas asthma respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) allergies Flag : 56 56 1 pts The development of pulmonary edema with ARDS is caused by impaired surfactant production. Group of answer choices True False Flag : 57 57 1 pts When administering neuromuscular blocking agents, peripheral nerve stimulation is used to assess the degree of paralysis. What response indicates the goal of 80% blockade: Group of answer choices a 20 second muscle contraction two muscle twitches three muscle twitches two muscle twitches with a 1 minute pause in between Flag : 58 58 1 pts Mr. G is an 80-year old admitted to the ICU post operatively following a left pneumonectomy. He should be placed in the following position: Group of answer choices Low Fowler’s On his right side On his left side Reverse Trendelenburg Flag : 59 59 1 pts Weaning protocols often include: Group of answer choices Daily assessment of patient readiness to wean Spontaneous breathing trials Sedation vacation protocols Delirium monitoring All of the above Flag : 60 60 1 pts Medical management of pneumonia often includes: Group of answer choices Antibiotic therapy, oxygen therapy/mechanical ventilation, fluid and nutrition management Cardiac monitoring, antiviral therapy and regular ABG monitoring Chest tube insertion and antibiotic therapy Pleurocentesis, IV hydration and bronchoconstrictors

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